What are the structural parts & components of a building?

The base, floors, walls, beams, columns, roof, stair, etc. are the fundamental parts of a building construction. These components help to support, enclose, and safeguard the building structure.

1. Foundation

The most important component of any structure is its foundation. Numerous blunders are commonly caused mostly by weak foundations than by any other factor. A solid foundation must not move, bow, disrupt, or destabilize in any other manner while it is in place. In order to do this, the architect must make sure that the soil, foundation, and superstructure all work together.

For the following four qualities, the foundations of any construction should be placed significantly deeper below the surface of the ground.

· To prevent a structure from tipping over owing to wind uplift

· to provide a great natural bed

· To protect the fundamental pathways from environmental impacts

· lowering the risk of failure due to soil agreement

2. columns

Columns are vertical elements that are built above the ground. Columns are split into two categories. structural columns as well as architectural columns. The construction of architectural columns improves the aesthetics of the building. The structural column transfers the load generated by the arbor to the foundation safely.

3. Plinth

A plinth is the structural component that sits abruptly over the earth between the face of the girding ground and the surface of the bottom. The ground position or arrangement position refers to the extent of the girding soil. The plinth position refers to the angle at which the ground meets the structure.

4. Plinth beam

A plinth beam is a beam construction that is built at or above ground level to support the weight of a wall that will be built over it.

5. Damp Proof Course (Dpc)

A waterproofing material’s damp evidence course is a subcaste, like a waterproof bond or black-top. On top of the wet evidence course, walls are built. The damp-proof pathway (DPC) prevents face water from piercing the walls. Moisture degrades wall quality and creates unsanitary living conditions. Similar to how it affects cosmetics and plaster, it also raises maintenance costs

6. Floor

The area spread out at foundation level is known as the floor. Numerous materials, including tiles, granite, marble, concrete, etc., can be used for flooring. The ground needs to be leveled and adequately compacted before installing flooring.

7. Walls

The roof is supported by vertical pieces called walls. Stones, bricks, concrete blocks can be used to create it. Walls serve as a barrier and shield against factors such as wind, sunlight, and rain. Wall openings are offered for ventilation and building access.

8. Stairs

A staircase is a set of steps that joins various floors of a building. The term “stairway” refers to the area filled by a set of stairs. There are various kinds of staircases, such as a wooden stair.

9. Beams and slabs

A building’s horizontal elements are made up of slabs and beams. The roof of a one-story building is made up of the top slab. The beam distributes the load from the floor above the slab, which is then transferred to the columns, in the case of a multi-story building. Reinforced cement concrete is used to build beams and slabs.

10. Lintel

The openings are given in the wall of a structure structure to suit the doors or windows. The factual frame of the door or window is not sufficiently suitable to help the heaviness of the wall over the opening. A different structural element has, in this way, to be presented. It’s known as a lintel and is relative to the ray. Climate Tones are generally joined with lintels of windows to shield them from the climate factors, for example, sun, rain, ice.

11. Roof

The roof is a building’s uppermost structural element. It encircles the building’s upper face. Depending on the geography and weather in the area, roofs can be either flat or sloping.

12. Parapets

Short walls that are raised over a roof slab are called parapets. Flat roofs are equipped with parapets. It serves as a protective barrier for those using the roof.